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Marjan Noroozi; Elham Chavoshie; Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that has many negative effects on plant growth. To investigate the effect of salinity water irrigation stress on morphological and physiological characteristics of sorghum, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 ...
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Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that has many negative effects on plant growth. To investigate the effect of salinity water irrigation stress on morphological and physiological characteristics of sorghum, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in soil columns located in the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Mazandaran Province. The number of experimental columns was 15 and the duration of the experiment was 56 days. Salinity treatments included well water (control) (S1=0.995 dSm-1), Mix seawater and well water in proportions 1/4 (S2=4.680 dSm-1), 2/4 (S3=8.130 dSm-1), 3/4 (S4=13.710 dSm-1) and seawater (S5=15.910 dSm-1). In this study, dry and wet weight of shoots, seeds and roots, diameter and height of main stem, leaf area index, leaf area, harvest index, biological yield and resistance indices of sorghum were measured. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of salinity on all measured traits was significant. Increasing the salinity level of irrigation water from control (S1) to treatment (S5) caused a significant decrease at the rate of 1 to 70% in all measured traits except harvest index and root to stem ratio. Also the results of this study showed that the best salinity level to achieve maximum yield in sorghum (Equivalent to 13/218 g) is salinity level (S1). Regarding resistance indices, S1 treatment had higher k/Na and Ca/Na ratios than other treatments, which were 6.67 and 1.4, respectively. Also, the results of comparing the mean of traits between different treatments showed that there were no significant differences between S3 and S4 treatments in traits such as grain yield, straw yield, plant height, leaf area, harvest index, dry weight of root and resistance indices that Up to 3: 1 ratio, seawater to well water can be used to grow sorghum. Also, the relative yield of sorghum to salinity did not decrease by about 3.65 dS /m, which was considered as the tolerance threshold of this plant. But after increasing the salinity of soil saturated extract, plant yield decreased and at salinity of about 15 dS /m was halved. The slope of the sorghum yield reduction line at this stage was calculated to be 3% dS / m.
seyedeh aida nojabaee; Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou; mohammad ali bahmanyar
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different amounts of lead and chromium accumulation in soils and vegetables (cress and parsley), an experiment was conducted in pots in the research greenhouse of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, in 2011. The pots had a height of ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different amounts of lead and chromium accumulation in soils and vegetables (cress and parsley), an experiment was conducted in pots in the research greenhouse of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, in 2011. The pots had a height of 22 cm and diameter of 28 cm, filled with loamy soil. The experiment had factorial arrangements based on randomized complete block design with three replications and sixteen treatments. Treatments consisted of four levels of lead in irrigation water (0, 500, 1000, 1500 mg l-1 of lead nitrate source (and four levels of chromium (0, 100, 200, 400 mg l-1 of chromium nitrate source), while treatments were studied as separate and combined. The correlation result showed that the application of different amounts of lead and chromium in water had significant effect on total and available concentration of lead and chromium in the soil. Increasing the amount of lead in irrigation water decreased the amount of chromium in surface soil and increased the amount of total and available lead in cress and parsley soil. Also, with increase in the amount of chromium in irrigation water and decrease in the amount of lead in combined treatments, the amount of total and available chromium increased. The result showed that with increasing the soil contamination by using a solution having 1000 mg l-1 Pb, lead concentration increased in shoot compared to the control and, at higher levels of contamination, lead concentration decreased in root. The reason might be the explained by saying that with increase in roots lead content, most probably, it deposited in root as insoluble compounds and did not transmit to the shoot. However, in the case of chromium, it is immobile due to remaining in the cation exchange sites and its tendency for hydrolysis and absorption. The chromium bond to hydroxyl groups on the roots cell walls prevents movement of this ionic form to shoots. The highest accumulated lead in vegetables shoot was in 1000 mg l-1 lead treatment and the highest accumulation of chromium in the studied vegetable shoots was in 400 mg l-1 chromium treatment. It is obvious that there are significant health risks in use of polluted water for irrigation of vegetable fields and fruit gardens. Contamination of these products has caused a dilemma that, according to health professionals, is a catastrophe.
M S; M GH; M B
Abstract
To study the effects of industrial effluents on accumulation of heavy metals in soil and cultivated canola, the farms irrigated with the wastewater of Amol Industrial City were selected and samples of wastewater, irrigation water, soil, roots, stems, leaves, and grains of canola were collected. Then, ...
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To study the effects of industrial effluents on accumulation of heavy metals in soil and cultivated canola, the farms irrigated with the wastewater of Amol Industrial City were selected and samples of wastewater, irrigation water, soil, roots, stems, leaves, and grains of canola were collected. Then, the amount of chromium, cadmium, nickel and lead in samples of soil, water and canola organs were determined. The data were analyzed based on statistical factorial analysis in complete randomized block design. Mixing of industrial wastewater with irrigation water increased concentrations of chromium, cadmium, nickel and lead in irrigation water. pH of irrigation water decreased under the effect of industrial wastewater, although EC increased. Industrial wastewater also increased the accumulation of heavy metals in soil. Accumulation of available chromium was affected by wastewater in locations 1, 2, and 3, increasing to 0.11, 0.14 and 0.13 mg/kg, respectively. Accumulation of elements in the surface layer (0-20 cm) of soil was more than the subsurface (20-40 cm). Amounts of total and available cadmium in surface layer of soil in the control site were 1.07 and 0.1 mg/kg, which was affected by wastewater, with the greatest increase in the third location reaching 1.48 and 0.16 mg/kg. Also, nickel and lead increased by wastewater. Accumulation of Cr, Cd, Ni, and Pb in rapeseed organs increased by wastewater application. Accumulation of Cr in leaves and shoot of canola in the second location increased by, respectively, 57.45% [S1] and 2.62 times compared to the control. Transfer factor of metals from soil to shoot was more than the other organs. Accumulation of chromium and nickel in canola leaves exceeded the permissible level. Risk Index of the investigated elements in canola grain increased by irrigation with industrial wastewater. Accumulation of cadmium in canola grain reached dangerous levels. [S1]با متن فارسی مقایسه کنید.